Chemistry Essays Examples For College & High School Students in PDF

1489 total results

An Experiment on Plant Leaves to Study the Importance of Light Energy in the Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis (617 words, 5 pages)

IntroductionPhotosynthesis is the process in which plants change sunlight, or light energy, into functional carbohydrates, or chemical energy (Reece 264). During photosynthesis, the Calvin Cycle (The processes of the light dependent reaction, and the light independent reactions) occurs. In the light dependent reactions, light energy is captured and turned into ... Read More

An Experiment to Find Whether Hot Water or Cold Water Freezes First (503 words, 1 pages)

The Big FreezePurposeThe purpose of this experiment is to figure out whether hot water or cold water freezes first. AbstractWhat will freeze faster cold water or warm water? Many people will guess which is correct yet which one will actually freeze faster? This is what we set out to find ... Read More

An Experiment to Separate and Find Out the Percentage of Each Component in the Mixture of Sand (SiO2), Salt (NaCl), and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) (914 words, 4 pages)

AbstractIn the lab we set out to separate and find the percentage of each component in the mixture of sand (SiO2), salt (NaCl), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). To do this we needed to isolate the NaCL. Then we needed to separate the CaCO3 from the SiO2. Doing this converted the ... Read More

A Research to Distinguish Various Polymers and Their Properties (937 words, 2 pages)

AbstractA polymer is any number of natural or synthetic compounds which can contain thousands of atoms held together by covalent bonds. This is made up of a chain of monomers linked together. There are two different types of polymers, cross linking and linear. Linear polymers the individual strands are not ... Read More

A Comparison of Various Catalysts for Preparing Polymethylmethacrylate via Free Radical Initiated Polymerization of Methylmethacrylate (794 words, 4 pages)

Polymethlymethacrylate LabPurposeCompare various catalysts for preparing polymethylmethacrylate via free radical initiated polymerization of methylmethacrylate.BackgroundPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is known by its trade names Lucite and. Plexiglas. PMMA has outstanding resistance to outdoor environments, including ultraviolet radiation. It has excellent optical properties and can be tinted to almost any color. It is also ... Read More

The Formation of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds by the Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols (802 words, 6 pages)

Formation of an Alkene LabPurposeTo explore the formation of Carbon-Carbon double bonds by the dehydration of secondary alcohols.BackgroundCarbon-carbon double bonds are prepared by elimination reactions or dehydrogenation reactions. In this lab, we eliminated (dehydrated) the Hydroxyl group in Cyclohexanol to form products Cyclohexene and water. This was done with a ... Read More

A Research on the Oxidation of Benzaldehyde (1005 words, 4 pages)

Oxidation of Benzaldehyde labPurposeTo explore the use of permanganate as an oxidizing agent in the oxidation of an aldehyde to an acid.BackgroundOxidation is a widely-used process in organic chemistry. It is principally used to form carbonyl groups in aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. For example, primary alcohols are easily oxidized ... Read More

Extracting and Purifying the Active Ingredient of a Spice from Its Natural Product Source Using a Solvent Extraction Method (1233 words, 5 pages)

Isolation of Cinnamaldehyde LabPurposeTo extract and purify the active ingredient of a spice from its natural product source using a solvent extraction method.BackgroundIn solvent extraction, a compound is separated from inert or impure material using a solvent. The choice of solvent is important since it should preferentially dissolve the desired ... Read More

Dyeing a Fabric Using Indigo Dye and Vat Dyeing Techniques (1394 words, 5 pages)

Indigo Vat DyeingPurposeTo dye fabric using a common dye, indigo, and vat dyeing techniques.BackgroundIndigo is insoluble in water but is easily reduced by sodium dithionite (sodium hydrosulfite, Na2S204) in a strong alkaline solution to produce a water-soluble leucoindigo. This leuco base is strongly attracted to cellulose. After the reduced dye ... Read More

A Lab Report on the Determination of Melting Point of Organic Compounds (982 words, 4 pages)

Melting Point Determination LabPurposeTo become familiar with procedures to measure melting points and to understand the value of using melting point as a tool for characterizing organic compounds.BackgroundMelting point is the temperature at which solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium, where a solid will begin to ... Read More

A Lab Report on the Formation of an Ester Using the Acid Catalyzed Reaction between an Alcohol and a Carboxylic Acid (827 words, 4 pages)

Formation of an Ester labPurposeTo explore the acid catalyzed reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to produce esters.BackgroundCarboxylic acids are very different from inorganic mineral acids. One important difference is the vast array of reactions that carboxylic acids undergo to form new classes of organic compounds. The primary ... Read More

A Research on the Chemical Element, Lithium (519 words, 2 pages)

Lithium is know for not just being the chemical element with an atomic number of three, it is now well known for its abilities in psychiatric treatment, especially in bipolar disorder. The following article focuses on Lithium and how it is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, and if ... Read More

The Life and Contributions of Richard Heck, an American Chemist (749 words, 3 pages)

Richard HeckRichard Heck was born on August 15th 1931 in Springfield Massachusetts and did not develop his love for chemistry until he was in his teenaged years. It came to him when he was growing orchids and he wanted to learn more about chemistry than. When he arrived in the ... Read More

A Lab Experiment on the Effect of Increased Concentration on the Decomposition of H2O2 (1164 words, 6 pages)

The effect of increased concentration on the decomposition of H2O2Research Question To what extent does the concentration of H2O2 affect its decomposition when around an excess of a Catalyst?HypothesisAn increase in Molarity will lead to an increase in reaction rate.TheoryIn this lab, H2O2 will be decomposed in a graduated cylinder ... Read More

A Lab Experiment: Heat of Reaction for the Combustion of Magnesium (1227 words, 8 pages)

Heat of Reaction for the Combustion of MagnesiumObjective To determine the change in heat for the reaction between Mg and O. TheoryWhen a reaction can be expressed as the algebraic sum of a sequence of two or more other reactions, the heat of reaction is algebraic sum of the heats ... Read More

Determination of Copper and Lead Concentrations in Aqueous Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (2189 words, 12 pages)

AbstractThree water samples, tap water, pond water, and sea water, were measured for their copper and lead concentrations using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Standard sets of lead ranging from 0.193 to 96.52 M and copper from 0.314 M to 62.8 M were measured for absorbance and calibration curves were prepared ... Read More

A Study on the Formation Process of Zinc Oxide Nanowires on an Indium Tin Oxide Cover Glass Substrate (1707 words, 8 pages)

Abstract Zinc oxide, ZnO, nanowires were formed on an indium tin oxide cover glass substrate be deposition of a solution of zinc acetate with heating to 350C, followed by addition of the ZnO seeded ITO glass to a solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine in water for 4 hours at ... Read More

Determination and quantification of Anions in Aqueous Samples by Ion Chromatography (2060 words, 7 pages)

Determination and Quantification of Anions in Aqueous Samples by Ion Chromatography AbstractInorganic anions were determined and quantified in tap, stream, and ground water samples using ion chromatography. Standards of chloride, bromide, nitrate, and sulfate were prepared ranging from 10.27 to 0.10 mM, 0.43 to 0.08 mM, 0.356 to 0.008 mM, ... Read More

A Report on an Experiment to Determine the Measurements of the Emission Spectra of the Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots (1984 words, 9 pages)

AbstractCadmium selenide, CdSe, quantum dots were formed by reaction of a solution containing selenium, trioctylphosphine and octadecene with a mixture of CdO and oleic acid in octadecene at 225C. CdSe crystals then immediately formed, portions of the solution were removed in intervals of 2, then 10 seconds to quench the ... Read More

An Experiment Using MS/MS Techniques to Analyze Mass Spectra (1188 words, 6 pages)

AbstractTwo solutions, a 500 M mixture of leucine and phenylalanine and a 5 mM mixture of leucine and valine, were analyzed for their mass spectra by MSMS techniques. The relative intensity of the cationic species were approximated as the equilibrium constants, 0.034 and 0.651 respectively. These values were used to ... Read More

Determination of Copper Concentrations in Water Samples Using Spectrophotometry and Bicinchoninic Acid Ligands (2409 words, 12 pages)

AbstractThree water samples tap water, a simulated pond water sample, and a copper and chloride sample, were tested for copper concentrations by spectrophotometry. Bicinchoninic acid, BCA, was used as a ligand to form a colored complex with copper (I), with high absorbance bands at 360 nm and 560 nm. All ... Read More

A Lab Experiment Involving the Measuring the pH Changes as Titrant is Added Using a pH Meter (893 words, 4 pages)

PurposeThe purpose of this lab is following a titration progression using a pH meter, recording the pH changes as more titrant is added, and using the titration data to plot the curve to find the equivalence point and , , and equivalence points. Then, utilizing the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine ... Read More

A Lab Experiment to Understand the Relationship Between the Reaction Rate, the Activation Energy, and the Temperature at Which a Reaction Occurs (1093 words, 2 pages)

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to understand the relationship between the reaction rate, k, the activation energy, Ea, and the temperature at which a reaction occurs by using 0.40 phenol solution, 0.10 M NaBrO3 solution, and 0.20 M H2SO4 solution. Also, the purpose can be achieved by becoming ... Read More

A Lab Experiment to Explore Chemical Equilibrium (1644 words, 3 pages)

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to explore chemical equilibrium in the lab using antimony trichloride, cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate, and cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, see how Le Chateliers principle goes in effect, observe the effects of changes in concentration and temperature on a system at equilibrium, determine whether the reaction ... Read More

Distinguishing Volcanic Cells and Electrolytic Cells and Describing the Key Components and Flow of Electrons in Electrochemical Reactions (1297 words, 2 pages)

PurposeThe purpose of this experiment is to learn about and distinguish voltaic cells and electrolytic cells using different metals with their corresponding sulfate solution and also, to describe the key components and flow of electrons in electrochemical reactions to relate to the equilibrium expression in thermodynamics.DiscussionThe goal for part A ... Read More

A Lab Experiment to Understand and Determine the Relationship Between Different Solutions (1091 words, 3 pages)

PurposeThe purpose of this experiment is not only to understand and experimentally determine the relationship between G, H, and S by using standardized HCl solution, saturated calcium hydroxide solution and solid calcium hydroxide, but also, to explore the relationship and temperature effects between G and Ksp.DiscussionThe goal of part A ... Read More

PCR DNA Amplification (1175 words, 4 pages)

I have been using plasmid transformation as my choice for these types of open-ended questions lately, so I will pick something else for this one PCR DNA amplification.PCR DNA amplification is the shortened version of its real title Polymerase chain reaction deoxyribonucleic acid amplification, which is admittedly a little bit ... Read More

The Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Chemical Reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid (867 words, 8 pages)

Research Question How does temperature affect the rate of chemical reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid?Hypothesis If temperature increases then the rate of reaction between the reactants will increase because the molecules will gain more kinetic energy and make it easier to overcome the activation energy.Independent Variable TemperatureDependent Variable ... Read More

An Experiment Determining the Solubility of Salt in Various Temperatures (883 words, 6 pages)

Research Question How will temperature affect the solubility of salts?Hypothesis If the temperature increases then sodium chloride will dissolve in the water faster.Independent Variable Temperature of the Water at room temp. (20 C), 30 C, 40 C, 50 C and 60 C.Dependent Variable The time it takes for the salt ... Read More

A Laboratory Report on the Diffusion of Glucose and IKI (2382 words, 6 pages)

Lab Write Up A Diffusion AimQuestion In a plasma membrane where the net movement of molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration, will the dialysis bag turn blue because of the diffusion of glucose and IKI into the dialysis bag?Hypothesis If I added the glucose and IKI into the ... Read More

Chemistry Essay Examples